With the growing demand for fast and reliable telecommunications infrastructure, deploying a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network has become a necessity to support both economic and social development. This paper presents three proposed layouts for designing an LTE network in the downtown area of Gharyan, which represents the city’s central and most densely populated zone. The project was motivated by the uneven distribution of coverage across the area, whereseveral locations experience either a complete lack of service or very weak signal reception. The aim is to support the city’s digital transformation by improving access to mobile internet and data services, which in turn enhances business performance, emergency response, public service efficiency, education, remote learning, telemedicine, and remote work opportunities. To implement this plan, the design process relied on Mentum Planet software, a tool specialized in mobile network planning, using real-world terrain and signal data provided by Almadar Company. Three different network layout designs were simulated using two built-in propagation models: the Planet General Model (PGM) and the Q9 model. These simulations were conducted to assess signal strength and coverage across the study area. The analysis showed that one of the layouts provided significantly better signal quality and broader coverage compared to the others. Moreover, the Q9 model proved more reliable in predicting signal behavior in densely built urban settings. Based on these findings, a set of technical recommendations has been developed to guide the future implementation of LTE networks in similar environments, while also addressing challenges such as terrain variations, signal interference, and infrastructurelimitations. In conclusion, this work contributes to enhancing telecommunications services in Gharyan and supports broader efforts toward innovation and digital inclusion across key sectors in the region.

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of TNF-α in serum and gingival crevicular fluid, in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), before and after phase I therapy with subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic acid (Gengigel Gel). A total of thirty subjects were included in this study; 20 CP patients as a study group (group I) and 10 systemically healthy subjects with clinically healthy gingiva as a control group (group II). The nonsurgical periodontal therapy (SRP) + HA gel were done in group I. Periodontal parameters, including PI, GI, BOP, PD and the CAL, were recorded. GCF and serum were collected from all individuals included in the study; the first sample was collected from all groups (study and control) before treatment. The second sample was collected 4 weeks after subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic acid & phase I therapy from group I. Levels of TNF-α in GCF and serum were quantified using ELISA. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in total levels of TNF-α in serum and TNF-α in GCF in study group after application of Hyaluronic acid with phase I therapy. Results also showed all clinical parameters were significantly improved after application of Hyaluronic acid with phase I therapy in groups I (p<0.001). Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the mainstay of treatment of periodontal diseases, furthermore subgingival application of Hyaluronic acid gel with SRP were effective in improving clinical parameters in CP patients. TNF-α level in serum and GCF are reduced after phase I therapy with application of Hyaluronic acid.

Abstract

As technological advancements continue to revolutionize teaching, the use of technology in both college/university and classrooms is making flipped learning a trending instructional model. The roles and responsibilities of instructors and students often require a new or enhanced skill set where the instructor designs intentional learning experiences to engage students outside of the classroom. This research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of flipped learning strategy to overcome the educational communication problems. Also, it has been explained the definition of the flipped classroom and its impact on course evaluations and student outcomes. Besides, it has been discussed the comparison between the flipped learning strategy and the traditional way of teaching. As well, it has been explained some advantages and disadvantages of the flipped classroom. Above and beyond, it has been mentioned the most important critiques against the flipped leaning. More to the point, it has been shown some steps to implement the flipped classroom strategy. As well as, it has been presented some reasons of why should be flipped our classrooms. Ultimately, some important recommendations have been given to guarantee an effective learning in the education process.

Key words:  flipped classrooms, flipped learning, higher education, technological advancement, effective flipping ,

This study investigates whether internal auditors in Libyan oil companies possess the necessary competence and capabilities in the security of electronic accounting information systems within an era of transition from manual auditing to electronic accounting information system auditing. The study also examines the issue of whether internal auditors implement sufficient safeguards to address the risks associated with electronic accounting information systems. A questionnaire survey adopted for data collection revealed that: internal auditors in the sampled companies possess a high level of competence and efficiency in electronic accounting information system security; and that they also follow all protective measures to counter the risks of electronic accounting information systems. However, descriptive statistics show that the mean scores of participants' responses regarding the competence and efficiency of internal auditors in electronic accounting information system security were lower than the overall mean of the axis. This could be seen as a deficiency on the part of internal auditors in reviewing risks related to electronic accounting information systems, monitoring management's implementation of regular maintenance of electronic systems, ensuring the existence of sufficient protection programs to scan electronic programs or magnetic disks, implementing procedures to limit risks arising from electronic equipment damage, and periodically evaluating information security applications within the company. Descriptive statistics also indicate that the average scores of participants' responses regarding internal auditors' adherence to all protective measures to counter the risks of electronic accounting information systems were lower than the overall mean of the axis. This could be seen as a deficiency on the part of internal auditors in monitoring IT staff in implementing required security measures, participating in updating security methods according to changes in the evolving IT environment, participating in developing specific security policies such as selecting the appropriate technology and its effectiveness, participating in developing and formulating a strategy for developing the security of electronic accounting information systems, and contributing to the detection of security breaches through reports and describing the type of breach

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مستويات الفلوريد في منتجات معاجين الأسنان التي تباع حاليًا في السوق الليبي. تم تحليل 30 عينة مختلفة من منتجات معاجين الأسنان (9 عينات للأطفال و21 عينة للبالغين) لتقدير تركيز الفلوريد باستخدام الطريقة الطيفية. أظهرت النتائج أن جميع عينات معاجين الأسنان المخصصة للأطفال تحتوي على مستويات فلوريد أقل من 500 جزء في المليون، وهو مناسب للأطفال. في المقابل، كان تركيز الفلوريد في 18 عينة (85.7%) من معاجين الأسنان للبالغين يتراوح بين 500 و1500 جزء في المليون، بينما تجاوزت 3 عينات (14.3%) المستوى المسموح به بتركيز أعلى من 2000 جزء في المليون. يمكن الاستنتاج أن محتوى الفلوريد في معاجين الأسنان للأطفال كان ضمن المستويات المثالية الموصى بها، في حين وُجد تباين واسع في تركيز الفلوريد في العينات الأخرى

We present a solution method for a general Riccati differential equation by imposing relationships between

the coefficients of the Riccati differential equation and explaining them through proofs and examples, we can find the

general solution to the various forms of Riccati's equation by integration directly after transforming it into a separable

differential equation.