Abstract

Periodontal disease is a multifactorial condition characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of supporting tissues, with significant implications for oral health and systemic well-being. This study investigated the correlation between inflammatory responses and regenerative outcomes in periodontal supporting tissues, emphasizing the role of epigenetic regulation. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining clinical assessments, patient-reported outcomes, and molecular analyses. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong associations between clinical indicators of inflammation and perceived regenerative improvements, underscoring the interplay between destructive and reparative processes. Demographic and lifestyle factors, including smoking and systemic health conditions, were found to influence variability in responses. Regenerative therapies demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of clinical attachment gain, alveolar bone support, and patient satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of integrating epigenetic insights with clinical practice to develop personalized strategies for managing periodontal disease and enhancing tissue regeneration

Abstract Antimicrobial agents are widely used to treat bacterial infections; however, their misuse contributes to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. This study assessed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates from patients in Gharyan City, Libya, and explored behavioral factors influencing resistance. Between January and June 2024, 66 clinical samples (urine, stool, vaginal swabs, blood, pus, and sputum) were collected from seven medical laboratories. A questionnaire survey was conducted among three groups: medical workers (n=50), non-medical individuals (n=50), and pharmacists (n=50). Laboratory identification employed selective media, Gram staining, and microscopy, while antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion. Results revealed widespread inappropriate antibiotic use: 70% of pharmacists dispensed antibiotics without prescriptions, 40% provided incorrect dosages, and only 10% held formal pharmacy qualifications. Among medical workers, 40% used antibiotics without prescriptions and 56% failed to complete treatment courses. Infections were more common in females (77%) than males (23%), with the highest prevalence in younger age groups (<32 years, 39.4%). Staphylococcus spp (32%) and E. coli (27%) were the most frequent isolates. Overall resistance was high (75%), particularly in Pseudomonas spp (100%), E. coli (83%), and Staphylococcus spp (76%). Azithromycin (67%) and Doxycycline (49%) showed the highest resistance rates, while Meropenem (2%) and Nalidixic acid (3%) remained largely effective. These findings highlight alarming levels of antibiotic resistance in Gharyan, driven by misuse and poor prescribing practices. Strengthening pharmacist and physician training, enforcing prescription regulations, and raising public awareness are essential to mitigate resistance and preserve antibiotic efficacy. Keywords. Antibiotic Resistance, Bacterial Infection, Misuse of Antibiotics, Control and Surveillance.

The transaction of collocation is tought for non-native speakers of a language and creates many problems for students, teachers and translators. The present study aimed to determine, examine and investigate the strategies and techniques adopted by students in translating collocations from English to Arabic. The data examined here, consisted of a translation test that comprised 9 relatively short sentences of a contextual collocations selected from different sources. Students were required to translate these collocations from English to Arabic according to Newmark approach (semantic & communicative approaches). So, the findings and results have shown that, students used or resorted various strategies in order to overcome the problems of rendering certain collocation expressions. In addition, the knowledge of collocation leads to the improvement of oral proficiency, listening comprehension, and reading speed.

Keywords: Collocation, English Majors, Translation, Semantic translation, Communicative translation

Libya is country of desert and the arid climate makes it in extreme lack of surface water .Groundwater then bececomes a very important resource to meet the economical and agricultural demand ,which believed to be comparatively much cleaner and free from poliution than surface water , water poliution is a state of deviation from pure condition .whereby its normal function and properties are affected .The present study is amied at assesses the bacteriologcal pollution of ground water samples used for humans and animals at different 11 localities in Tripoli rigion , Libya .This study related to the bacteriologcal analysis revealed high values of toral bacterial count in groundwater samples from both tanks (648.85 cfu/ml)and wells (394.34cfu/ml) than standard count imit (100cfu/ml)for driking water by EPA. Naarly similar values of MPN of coliform (58.00MPN/100ml) and E.coli bacteria (0.20) from both tanks and wells, other than zero number per 100 ml set by WHO .Finally , we did not find pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella and Enterococci bacteria , but there is very littel number of pathognic bacteria as Staphylocooccus aurous (1.50) and Pseudomonas aerugnosa (0.07) isoaled from both tanks and wells samples . Hence ,it was concluded that . This research to analysis the bacteriologcal pollution of grandwater used for hnmans and animals for some different localities of Tripoli , Libya with review to the hygienic standards and suggest an approach for imporing and prevent such contamination . Microbiological lested ground waters samples are good and mostly suitable for domestic uses. the coliform and pathogenic bacterial contamination render this water unsatisfactory for driking purposes unless bacteriologically perfactly treated ,if necessary for consideration for utility.

Abstract

One of the most challenging  skills for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners is often the ability to speak, especially in environments where opportunities for authentic English exposure are scarce. This study focuses on prevalent linguistic errors found in the spoken English of third semester EFL students at the Faculty of Arts, Gharian University. . The three primary types of errors that are examined are phonological, grammatical, and lexical. The study also explores  the possible reasons behind these errors, such as first-language (L1) interference, limited English exposure, inadequate speaking practice in the classroom, fossilization, and emotional factors. Students often face difficulties with English phonemes that do not exist in Arabic, as well as with the correct grammatical forms, and suitable vocabulary choices, according to the results. The study emphasizes how important it is to implement focused interventions to improve students' spoken accuracy and fluency. It suggests pedagogical recommendations to enhance the accuracy and fluency of students’ spoken English, including increasing the number of opportunities for communicative practice, targeted pronunciation training, and the incorporation of authentic listening resources.

Keywords, English as a Foreign Language, linguistic errors, speaking skill