Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) is an emerging education field. This Research Paper explicitly investigates the use of AI technology in language learning specifically in English as a Second Language (ESL). In recent years, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into our lives is becoming stronger, which can be seen in many areas, such as education. This has led to a revolution in teaching methods across different disciplines, particularly in the teaching of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), where it provides useful tools for teachers. The intersection between AI and FL represents a paradigm shift in educational practice, due to its ability to personalize learning experiences, provide instant feedback, and tailor to individual student needs Therefore, the main goal of this report is to analyze the uses of AI tools in EFL, and to propose concrete and suitable AI tools to enhance the teaching-learning process.

Abstract:- This paper introduces a technique for modeling and effectively controlling the trajectory tracking of a robotic manipulator through an LQG controller optimized by the IPSO algorithm. Extensive simulations have been conducted within the MATLAB simulation environment. The LQG, which combines a Kalman Filter (KF) and a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), is developed to follow the desired input for the robotic manipulator while minimizing the impact of process and measurement noise on its performance. The parameters of the LQG controller, which include the elements of the state and control weighting matrices for the LQR and KF, are optimally adjusted using the IPSO method. The validation of the proposed hybrid LQG-IPSO controller is conducted based on the control criteria parameters. The findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid LQGIPSO controller can achieve excellent movement performance. To fully leverage the capabilities of the IPSO algorithm, careful adjustment and determination of IPSO parameters such as inertia weight, iteration count, acceleration constants, and particle quantity are essential. Therefore, The initial focus of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of various fitness functions; simulation results indicate that the proposed hybrid LQGIPSO control method achieves commendable fitness outcomes with minimal steady-state error (ess). Following this, a comparison of the performances of a robotic manipulator using the hybrid LQG-IPSO controller, hybrid LQR-IPSO controller, LQG controller, and LQR controller is also presented. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that superior performance parameters are attained with the hybrid LQG-IPSO controller when compared to its counterparts—the hybrid LQR-IPSO controller, LQG controller, and LQR controller—offering enhanced performance.

Keyw Keywords: Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller, Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and MATLAB etc

With the growing demand for fast and reliable telecommunications infrastructure, deploying a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network has become a necessity to support both economic and social development. This paper presents three proposed layouts for designing an LTE network in the downtown area of Gharyan, which represents the city’s central and most densely populated zone. The project was motivated by the uneven distribution of coverage across the area, whereseveral locations experience either a complete lack of service or very weak signal reception. The aim is to support the city’s digital transformation by improving access to mobile internet and data services, which in turn enhances business performance, emergency response, public service efficiency, education, remote learning, telemedicine, and remote work opportunities. To implement this plan, the design process relied on Mentum Planet software, a tool specialized in mobile network planning, using real-world terrain and signal data provided by Almadar Company. Three different network layout designs were simulated using two built-in propagation models: the Planet General Model (PGM) and the Q9 model. These simulations were conducted to assess signal strength and coverage across the study area. The analysis showed that one of the layouts provided significantly better signal quality and broader coverage compared to the others. Moreover, the Q9 model proved more reliable in predicting signal behavior in densely built urban settings. Based on these findings, a set of technical recommendations has been developed to guide the future implementation of LTE networks in similar environments, while also addressing challenges such as terrain variations, signal interference, and infrastructurelimitations. In conclusion, this work contributes to enhancing telecommunications services in Gharyan and supports broader efforts toward innovation and digital inclusion across key sectors in the region.

In the era of digital communication, Facebook has emerged as a powerful platform influencing language use, particularly among university students. This study investigates the phenomenon of "Facebook English," a distinctive digital variety marked by informal grammar, abbreviations, emoticons, and creative lexical formations. Focusing on Libyan English department students, the research explores the relationship between Facebook usage and its impact on academic writing, grammatical accuracy, and perceptions of language formality. Using a quantitative methods approach that includes surveys and statistical analysis, the findings reveal no significant correlation between Facebook use and academic English performance. However, gender and age differences were observed in the use and perception of Facebook English. The study emphasizes the need for language educators to integrate digital literacy and critical language awareness into curricula, enabling students to navigate both informal and academic registers effectively. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of computer-mediated communication and its pedagogical implications in EFL contexts. Keywords: Facebook English, Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), Sociolinguistics, Libyan University Students, Digital Literacy, Language Variation, Academic Writing, Informal Registers, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Social Media Linguistics

Abstract

William Shakespeare’s "Hamlet," written around 1600, is one of the most famous tragedies in the English language. The play is rich in themes such as revenge, madness, mortality, and the complexity of the human condition.                   

This paper analyzes the dramatic structure using Freytag’s pyramid and Aristotle tragedy theory as a framework. They examine the play’s exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution, and conflict combining with Aristotle theory to understand how Shakespeare constructs a powerful tragedy. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative, which aims to analyzing and collecting data from the play and some referential books, library ,websites and other data sources that were useful for the analysis.The study also explores the significance of Hamlet in literary studies. The results of the study have pedagogical implications for teaching English literature for students and language learners. 

Key words: Hamlet ,Aristotle theory, Freytag pyramid, tragedy drama.