Shale gas and shale oil have rapidly revolutionized the energy supply and security landscape in various parts of the world. As Libya has a notable deposit of shale gas, this study sought to gain insight into the public perception of potential health and environmental impacts of a hydraulic fracturing and its associated controversies. It also sought to determine whether there is a need for public awareness of the science and economics associated with hydraulic fracturing. In this study, 304 local residents in Zawia city in the north west of Libya were surveyed on their views on the exploration of shale gas. The purpose of the survey is to understand the factors that influence local residents‖ support or opposition to the use of shale gas, such as energy independence, environmental consciousness, and risk/benefit perceptions. The results show that the respondents are generally supportive of shale gas extraction, the study show that 52% of the respondents express support or strong support for shale gas exploitation. Both this and future studies have the potential to improve public discourse and decision-making around the development of unconventional gas and oil industries.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Malignancy is regarded as a potentially fatal disorder that can impact human health globally. More than 90% of all oral cavity malignancies that have been detected are invasive oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Patients having OSCC still have an extremely poor survival rate, even though medical therapy has advanced significantly. Medicinal plants have been the subject of recent scientific research. Capparis spinosa L. (CS) is among the prominent plants found across the Mediterranean region.According to phytochemical analysis, CS leaves are considered to be a promising therapeutic plant since they are an essential spring of bioactive substances such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Research has indicated that CS extract exhibits anti-carcinogenic properties against numerous forms of cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The current research was to the evaluation of the anti-carcinogenic effect of the ethanolic extract of CS leaves on SCC-4 cell lines contrasted with both the untreated cancer cell lines and Cisplatin treated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This work comprised an in vitro investigation. SCC-4 cell line was separated into 3 groups: group 1 was considered as negative control (untreated), group 2 was positive control (Cisplatin-treated), and group 3 (treated with CS leaves extract). Viability, proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of the CS leaves extract in duration of 48 hours.

RESULTS: Treating SCC-4 cell line with the extract of CS leaves has shown that the viability effect was in a dose-dependent fashion. The IC50 or the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was equal to 176.3μg/ml. Also, CS treatment has elevated the apoptotic cells’ percentage and decreased SCC-4 cells proliferation rate in compare to the untreated cancer cell lines and Cisplatin

action.

CONCLUSION: the extract of CS leaves may have a prominent anti-cancerous effect on OSCC.

KEYWORDS: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Capparis spinosa L., Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis.

Running Title: Anti-carcinogenic effect of Capparis spinosa L. on SCC-4

The dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic asymptomatic cyst, that is associated with the crown of an

unerupted or impacted tooth. Early diagnosis is important to avoid any future complications and choose the best

treatment option. The purpose of this case report is to describe the management of a dentigerous cyst related to

lower second molar in a young female patient using orthodontic traction as a conservative treatment approach.

This procedure helps to spare the patient an unnecessary surgical excision procedure and the associated excessive

bone removal for a safety margin, stimulates bone healing and promotes the eruption of the cyst-associated tooth.

Keywords Dentigerous cyst, Decompression, Orthodontic traction

During the recent years, remarkable rise occurs into spreading of wireless networks since it offers flexibility, mobility and popularity due to the increase in mobile phones application users. Despite real time applications consume more bandwidth than others which is a big challenge for network designers. Newer VoIP applications start to use codecs that are used to compress and decompress speech signals in addition to coding and decoding. Codecs need to use high compression ratios for the VoIP implementation to generate maximum value of Quality of Service ( QoS )to be Competitor to other traditional public switching networks. Also, Internet protocol version 6 is becoming more popular than version 4 since shortage of address space and additional features have been added to ipv6. In this paper, Different audio codecs G.711, G.729 and GSM that are widely utilized in VoIPv6 applications were studied and compared. These codecs were tested in WiMAX network through an IPv6 environment to determine their performance efficiency and find out the appropriate codec that suits VoIP transmission by observing various QoS parameters such as jitter, Delay, packet loss rate and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) value that affects the quality of voice transmission. These transmissions had taken place while the nodes were stationary or moving with different speeds. All simulation scenarios are performed with OPNET modeller 14.5.