Colour image watermarking has become one of the most important algorithms for copyright protection. The following paper will present an innovative scheme for watermarking blind colour images using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), fast Walsh Hadamard transform (FWHT) and the Hessenberg decomposition as its basis. First, two-level DWT followed by FWHT are used to decompose the host image’s red channel. Next, the FWHT coefficients are split into 4× 4 non-overlapping blocks. Then, each selected block is decomposed using Hessenberg decomposition, where the first row, first column element of the upper Hessenberg matrix H is quantified to embed the watermark information. Peak signalto-noise ratio, normalized cross-correlation and structural similarity index measure are used to evaluate the feasibility and the robustness. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed watermarking scheme is highly invisible with PSNR> 40 dB, for several watermarked colour images, with a capacity of 4096 bits and execution time of 0.7415 s. The proposed watermarking scheme is also highly resistant to both common image processing and geometrical attacks such as filtering, JPEG2000, noise adding, cropping, scaling, blurring and sharpening, and others

Modelling diversity is especially valuable in soft skills learning, where contextual awareness and understanding of different perspectives are crucial. This paper presents an application of a diversity analytics pipeline to generate domain diversity profiles for learners as captured in their comments while watching videos for learning a soft skill. The datasets for analysis were collected from a series of studies on learning presentation skills with Active Video Watching system (AVW-Space). Two user studies (with 37 postgraduates and 140 undergraduates, respectively) were compared. The learners’ diversity and personal profiles are used to further understand and highlight any notable patterns about their domain coverage on presentation skills.

ABSTRACT To our knowledge all the previous researches and studies for extracting the likely cause of emotion spikes was for comments and reviews with non-Arabic languages. Although, According to a study performed by Semiocast , Arabic was the fastest growing language on Twitter in 2011, and was the 6th most used language on Twitter in 2012. While a wide range of Arabic opinionated posts are broadcasted, research in the area of Arabic sentiment analysis remain sparse and show a very slow progress compared to that being carried out in other languages, mainly in English . For that, our work will be to identifying the likely causes of strong and sudden change of emotions within the temporal dimension of influential users’ emotion flow in Arabic Twitter we chose twitter because Twitter as a microblogging platform, receives over 500 million tweets worldwide every day as per 2016.These emotion spikes are the reaction of users toward certain events. Hence, our system will try to extracts keyphrases, which associated with each identified emotion spike, and passes them to an analyze step. Then the system will detect the named-entities and events or topics identification since the extracted keyphrases indicate a change on user’s emotions, and represent the causes of a particular emotion spike. 

Plants are colonized by diverse microorganisms, which may positively or negatively influence the plant fitness. The positive impact includes nutrient acquisition, enhancement of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, both important factors for plant growth and survival, while plant pathogenic bacteria can cause diseases. Plant pathogens are adapted to negate or evade plant defense mechanisms, e.g. by the injection of effector proteins into the host cells or by avoiding the recognition by the host. Plasmids play an important role in the rapid bacterial adaptation to stresses and changing environmental conditions. In the plant environment, plasmids can further provide a selective advantage for the host bacteria, e.g. by carrying genes encoding metabolic pathways, metal and antibiotic resistances, or pathogenicity-related genes. However, we are only beginning to understand the role of mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer for plant-associated bacteria. In this review, we aim to provide a short update on what is known about plasmids and horizontal gene transfer of plant associated bacteria and their role in plant-bacteria interactions. Furthermore, we discuss tools available to study the plant-associated mobilome, its transferability, and its bacterial hosts.

Magnetic nanofibers (MNFs) are integrated with a variety of properties, such as large surface area, high porosity, small size effect and apparent magnetism. This enables MNFs to possess excellent properties of both nanofibers (NFs) and magnetic materials, which greatly widens the application of the original magnetic materials. A brief review of the properties of MNFs, fabrication techniques, and their emerging applications which include biomedical application, sensing and electronic devices, wastewater treatment and microwave absorption is presented. Finally, the development trend and prospect of MNFs in future are summarized and discussed.

Diversity has been the subject of study in various disciplines from biology to social science and computing. Respecting and utilising the diversity of the population is increasingly important to broadening knowledge. This paper describes a pipeline for diversity profiling of a pool of text in order to understand its coverage of an underpinning domain. The application is illustrated by using a domain ontology on presentation skills in a case study with 38 postgraduates who made comments while learning pitch presentations with the Active Video Watching system (AVW-Space). The outcome shows different patterns of coverage on the domain by the comments in each of the eight videos.

This study investigates whether Libyan university students studying English as a foreign language are able to correctly interpret substituted items found in written texts such as one, ones, do,, so and not and whether this positively impact their reading comprehension. As a cohesive relation between linguistic items such as clauses or independent sentences, substitution is a sort of counter which is used in place of the repetition of a particular item. It is hypothesized that Libyan students learning EFL encounter problems in correctly interpreting these substitutes and consequently fail to have satisfactory understanding of their reading materials. A quasi-experiment was organized to test the ability of a hundred Libyan university students to interpret a number of substitutes mentioned in modified statements and consequently comprehend the message of these statements. The results revealed that the majority of the study participants failed to get the passing mark which is 50 over a hundred and the average mark they got was 45. This result may have many pedagogical implications which concern the syllabus and the teaching methods.