Background: Poultry is the fastest-growing animal in the agriculture sector, and feed cost contributes 70%–80% of

production cost; therefore, many efforts have been evaluated to reduce feed cost. One of these ways to improve feed

efficiency is the use of natural feed additives in the diet, especially after reducing the use of antibiotics in poultry diets.

Flaxseed contains bioactive compounds, particularly omega-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid) and lignans, which are used

to improve energy metabolism and play antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in poultry diets. Vitamin E plays a

vital function in protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from oxidative damage, preserving cell membrane integrity, and

supporting immune functions.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and productive effects of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and

vitamin E supplementation, individually or in combination, in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).

Methods: A total of 120 quails were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: commercial diet (control),

commercial diet with flaxseed, commercial diet with vitamin E, and commercial diet with both flaxseed and vitamin

E, each group comprising three replicates with 10 chicks per replicate, and the study lasted 5 weeks following 1 week

of adaptation.

Results: The combined supplementation markedly enhanced growth performance, improving body weight gain, feed

efficiency, and survivability compared with the control group. Serum biochemical analysis revealed improved protein

metabolism and a healthier lipid profile, with reductions in cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein,

alongside an increase in high-density lipoprotein. Antioxidant indices confirmed strengthened defense mechanisms, as

glutathione levels increased and malondialdehyde concentrations decreased, while liver enzyme activities, aspartate

transaminase and alanine transaminase were reduced, indicating improved hepatic function. The synergistic interaction

between omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed and the antioxidant role of vitamin E contributed to better metabolic

efficiency and oxidative stability.

Conclusion: These findings highlight that flaxseed and vitamin E can be fed to Japanese quail as promising natural

feed additives that can enhance productivity, health status, and sustainability in quail production.

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide contagious disease of humans and other warm-blooded animals, including birds. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for Toxoplasmosis disease, which is clinically manifested chiefly in pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems. Clinical complications include abortion and stillbirths, encephalitis, pneumonia, brain and eye damage, and neonatal mortality. The genus Toxoplasma was first proposed in 1908 by Nicolle and Manceaux following the identification of asexual stages of similar parasites in the tissues of birds and mammals, and merozoites in the blood of North African rodents, Ctenodactylus gundi. At about the same time, Splendore independently described Toxoplasma in laboratory rabbits in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Darling probably found it in man in Panama in the same year. Although several species were named, during the 1930s, it was shown that these were identical to the type species T. gondii. During the 1960, scientists provided evidence for the coccidian nature of the parasite. Then, between 1960 and 1970, the heterogeneous life cycle was elucidated by the discovery of sexual stages in the small intestine of cats, which followed the induction of infection in intermediate hosts by inoculation with cat feces. This review seeks to study the parasite and its responsibility to cause disease, condition prevalence, clinical manifestations accompanied by infection, and treatment protocols.

The present research examines the effect of nuclear energy consumption, financial globalization, nuclear energy technology research and development (R&D) budget on the environmental quality in the context of France. The load capacity factor (LCF) is employed as a novel proxy for environmental sustainability, explaining how human actions affect environmental sustainability and how nature compensates human induced damage. Using the novel approach of Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag, the findings of this study show that: (i) the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis is valid (ii) Nuclear energy consumption and nuclear energy technology R&D promote the environmental quality by increasing LCF. (iii) The financial globalization (overall, de jure, and de facto) has a positive influence on LCF, suggesting the positive role of financial globalization in boosting environmental sustainability in France. This study presents vital policy implications that can assist policymakers in France in achieving their environmental sustainability objectives.

Pneumonia remains a major global health burden, where timely recognition on chest X ray images is clinically important yet often challenged by subtle radiographic signs and variability in interpretation. This paper presents a controlled comparative evaluation of four convolutional neural network architectures, MobileNet, ResNet50, VGG, and InceptionV3, for binary classification of chest X ray images into diseased and normal cases. Experiments were conducted using a publicly available Kaggle dataset of 4,479 images under a unified preprocessing and evaluation protocol. Performance was assessed on a held out test set of 300 images, including 200 diseased and 100 normal cases, using accuracy and macro averaged precision, recall, and F1 score, supported by confusion matrix analysis. The results show that MobileNet achieved the highest test accuracy at 95.0 percent, while ResNet50 and VGG achieved 94.7 percent, and InceptionV3 achieved 92.0 percent. Confusion matrix inspection indicates that MobileNet produced the fewest false negatives for diseased cases in this setting, which is important for screening oriented use. Inference time measurements using batch size 1 at 180 × 180 input on CPU further highlight the efficiency advantage of lightweight architectures. Overall, these findings provide a reproducible benchmark to support architecture selection for computer assisted pneumonia screening and clinical triage

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Nanotechnology is a modern technology and has many applications that include the manufacture of molecules or particles in the range of the nanoscale. Nanotechnology from the Greek word nano, meaning "dwarf". Nanoparticles are defined as single particles whose dimensions do not exceed 100 nanometers. The unique properties and features of nanoparticles are due to their small size, in addition to their chemical composition and surface structure. Different materials at the nanoscale lead to the development of new properties in industrial products, resulting in a real and impressive increase in industrial and medical applications. In this review, we will learn about this technology, its history, and the characteristics and shapes of nanoparticles. The focus will be on the application of nanotechnology in medicine, particularly in engineering living tissues with nanoscale scaffolds that simulate the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote tissue recovery, replacement, and regeneration. It turns out that stem cells attached to a scaffold are more successful in adapting to their environment and performing the task of regeneration. The nerve endings in the body are attached to the scaffolding by weaving between the openings. This will cause them to act as a bridge to connect the cut sections. Over time, the scaffolds will dissolve and exit the body safely, leaving intact nerves in place. Some of the successfully used scaffolds are briefly identified, such as bone scaffolds, cardiac muscle scaffolds, and spinal cord engineering.

This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory and lethal effects of root extracts of the Wild Rue plant (Peganum harmala L.) against the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani under laboratory conditions. Two types of extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) were used at concentrations of (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The results indicated that the effectiveness increased proportionally with the concentration. The inhibition rate of the aqueous extract reached 64.8% at a concentration of 20%, while the alcoholic extract was significantly superior, reaching 84% at the same concentration. Statistical analysis confirmed highly significant differences between concentrations (P < 0.001) as determined by one-way ANOVA, while two-way ANOVA showed extract type, concentration, and their interaction were significant factors, explaining approximately 85% of the total variance. The study concluded that the alcoholic extract is more effective than the aqueous one in inhibiting R. solani, making it a promising option for fungal control as a safe alternative to chemical pesticides.