نظام إشارات المرور هو أداة تنظم المركبات ذات العجلات من أجل العمل بانتظام. نظام إشارات المرور العادية الحالي ليس كافيًا للتحكم في الازدحام المروري بسبب أنه يعمل وفقًا لخطة زمنية محددة الوقت. ومع ذلك، فقد أصبح الازدحام المروري يمثل مشكلة كبيرة لمعظم البشر نظرًا لأنه يزيد من الضوضاء وتلوث الهواء وضياع الوقت .ومن ثم، فإن نظام إشارات المرور العادية لم يعد لديه القدرة على التعامل مع الازدحام الهائل، ويجب إيجاد حلول حول كيفية تنظيم المسار الذي يجب أن يسير أو يتوقف من أجل القضاء على ازدحام التقاطع بين المركبات.لذلك، تم تصميم نظام إشارات المرور الذكي المعتمد على تقنيات التعلم الآلي واكتشاف عدد المركبات تلقائيًا في كل حارة وضبط وقت الإشارة الخضراء على النحو الأمثل لتجنب وقت الانتظار الهائل والازدحام الواضح أيضًا بمعدل أسرع.أخيرًا، تم استخدام فيجول استديو و البايثون للمحاكاة, و خوارزمية (Branch and Bound) لتحديد أي منها يجب تشغيل الإشارة أو إيقاف تشغيلها، لأنه يتميز بخاصية إيجاد حل بين مجموعة من الحلول، ويتم تطبيق خوارزمية (greedy) لتحديد وقت الانتظار لكل مسار.

This study reports a rapid and eco-friendly green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution using winter jasmine leaves extract as a reducing agent of Ag+ to Ag0. A visible Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to monitor the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 420 nm which reflects the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs. In addition to that, the synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by the color change of the solution. By studying the most important factors affecting the formation of AgNPs, it was noted that the productivity of AgNPs in the solution increased by increasing the pH of the solution, and the basic medium was the appropriate medium for the synthesis process. Also, the amount of produced AgNPs increased with the increase in temperature, volume of extract, reaction time, the extract volume ratio of the winter jasmine leaves, and silver nitrate concentration. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of winter jasmine leaves represents a suitable material for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, and large amounts of AgNPs with appropriate sizes may be obtained by controlling the parameters that affect the synthesis process.

ABSTRACT Background. This case report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment for intramedullary spinal cord hemangioma, which is a rare condition that can present with common symptoms of various spinal cord pathologies. The report recommends decompression laminectomy as the appropriate intervention for this condition. This report adds to the existing clinical literature on intramedullary spinal cord hemangioma and can assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases. Case report. The patient is a 30-year-old female who complained of left leg heaviness, cramps, numbness, and urinary incontinence. MRI revealed a suspected intradural intramedullary lesion, as high as VTh5, suspected to be ependymoma or astrocytoma. The patient underwent decompressive laminectomy on thoracalis vertebra 5-7 and spinal cord mass with hemorrhage and calcification components was observed on post-operative Spinal CT Angiography. The mass was found to have a feeder artery from spinal branches of the left right a. intercostalis at T5 level and spinal branches of the left a. intercostalis at T6 level. Thoracolumbar spondylosis was also observed. Conclusion. The clinical impact of vertebral hemangioma lies in its potential to cause neurological deficits due to spinal cord or nerve root compression. Early diagnosis and treatment through imaging modalities such as MRI and surgical intervention, such as laminectomy, can alleviate symptoms and prevent disability or mortality. However, careful consideration of the patient’s clinical history, imaging findings, and neurological status is necessary for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Keywords: hemangioma, spinal cord capillary, intramedullary, laminectomy decompression, case reportcognitive deficits

Engineering education has a crucial role in the economic and social development of society; this paper aims to investigate the most significant factors that contributing in improving the quality of the engineering education. Furthermore, identify the factors affecting the students’ academic performance. The study was conducted by using statistical Design of Experiments (DOE) approach to investigate the main effects of lecture delivery, assessment, engagement, communication, and interaction with instructors. Minitab software is implemented to perform statistical analysis to identify the significance of each factor, and degree by which each factor influences the students’ academic achievement. Results showed that the students’ academic performance is affected by the availability of course materials, and communications with instructors.

This paper addresses a bi-criteria optimization problem to minimize total flow time and makespan simultaneously for a cellular flowshop with Sequence Dependent Setup Times (FMCSP with SDSTs); A multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) and a Multi-objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) Algorithm are proposed to solve the proposed problem. furthermore, an improved algorithm (named as IMPSO-TA), where MPSO is combined with Threshold Acceptance (TA) algorithm to improve the convergence of the obtained Pareto Fronts. The proposed algorithms are evaluated using several Quality Indicators (QI) measures for multi-objective optimization problems. Results showed that proposed algorithms can generate approximated Pareto Fronts in a reasonable CPU time. Furthermore, quality of Pareto fronts generated by IMPSO-TA is better than Pareto fronts found by MPSO and MOSA based on the test problems that are used in this research at the cost of CPU time. Further, the proposed IMPSO-TA performs as best available algorithms in the literature for small and medium test problems with a very minor deviation for best results for large test problems.

Abstract

ESL teachers are confronted on large number of cognitive errors in their learners’ language enhancing process. Teachers usually feel helpless in understanding and remedying this problem due to absent studies outputs in the realm of error analysis among ESL learners. Within this context, the researchers were stimulated to study the particular problem as an English lectures and educational researcher working on English language teaching domain. A descriptive case study was conducted into the error analysis phenomenon as a natural starting-point, the final analysis should include linguistic performance. The aim was to throw light on the theory of error analysis, reach a detailed description of the problem to be aware that matters such as the learner, language and production may influence the obtained sample. Results prove that there is a link between the designing of teaching materials and error analysis. Factors such as staging, grading and sequencing relatively depend on error analysis. Moreover, there is a large amount of evidence that errors have a positive value from a diagnostic point of view; therefore, errors are sometimes of greater importance than the correct forms used accidentally.