This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart robotic vacuum cleaner based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, named IO-VAC, specifically developed for smart home environments. The paper covers both the mechanical and electronic aspects of the robot’s development. A 2D layout was created using ArchiCAD to define the positioning of components and sensor angles when designing the robot, followed by a 3D model to visualize the final design. The robot chassis was fabricated using reinforced plastic to ensure durability and lightweight structure. The IO-VAC is controlled using an Arduino Mega board programmed in C/C++. Where, the system includes three ultrasonic sensors for obstacle avoidance, along with an infrared (IR) sensor for edge detection to prevent falls. The embedded system of IO-VAC integrates an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, allowing for remote control via the Blynk IoT platform to enable users to control the robot’s movement (forward, backward, left, right), adjust suction power, select the desired cleaning algorithm, and monitor the battery level in real-time. In this paper three movement algorithms were developed: random, spiral and zigzag, and their performance was tested on two types of surfaces smooth and rough to ensure reliability and efficiency in various cleaning conditions after testing the validation of IO-VAC. Based on the test results of robot performance, the zigzag algorithm proved to be the most effective in terms of covered area, cleaning mission time, power consumption and minimizing redundancy. This work demonstrates an effective integration of embedded systems with IoT technologies, offering a smart and cost-efficient solution for automating household cleaning tasks.

Libya is country of desert and the arid climate makes it in extreme lack of surface water .Groundwater then bececomes a very important resource to meet the economical and agricultural demand ,which believed to be comparatively much cleaner and free from poliution than surface water , water poliution is a state of deviation from pure condition .whereby its normal function and properties are affected .The present study is amied at assesses the bacteriologcal pollution of ground water samples used for humans and animals at different 11 localities in Tripoli rigion , Libya .This study related to the bacteriologcal analysis revealed high values of toral bacterial count in groundwater samples from both tanks (648.85 cfu/ml)and wells (394.34cfu/ml) than standard count imit (100cfu/ml)for driking water by EPA. Naarly similar values of MPN of coliform (58.00MPN/100ml) and E.coli bacteria (0.20) from both tanks and wells, other than zero number per 100 ml set by WHO .Finally , we did not find pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella and Enterococci bacteria , but there is very littel number of pathognic bacteria as Staphylocooccus aurous (1.50) and Pseudomonas aerugnosa (0.07) isoaled from both tanks and wells samples . Hence ,it was concluded that . This research to analysis the bacteriologcal pollution of grandwater used for hnmans and animals for some different localities of Tripoli , Libya with review to the hygienic standards and suggest an approach for imporing and prevent such contamination . Microbiological lested ground waters samples are good and mostly suitable for domestic uses. the coliform and pathogenic bacterial contamination render this water unsatisfactory for driking purposes unless bacteriologically perfactly treated ,if necessary for consideration for utility.

Abstract: 

This study presents a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the construction of political identity 

during periods of revolutionary crisis. It examines the dichotomous representation of Muammar 

Gaddafi in February 2011 through two primary data streams: his first major public address 

following the uprising (February 22, 2011) and the contemporaneous visual and textual 

coverage in three newspapers—The Sun (UK), The Daily News (a prominent US tabloid-style 

outlet), and Alshourouq (Egypt). Employing Fairclough’s (1992) three-dimensional model of 

CDA, Halliday’s (1978) Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), and Kress and van Leeuwen’s 

(2006) grammar of visual design, the analysis reveals a profound disjuncture between Gaddafi’s 

linguistic self-fashioning and his mediated portrayal. Findings indicate that Gaddafi’s speech 

strategically deployed lexical choices, transitivity, and modality to construct identities of a 

rightful leader, paternal protector, and historical embodiment of Libya. Conversely, the selected 

newspapers, despite ideological nuances, converged on a representational framework depicting 

Gaddafi as weak, cowardly, and delegitimized, primarily through specific visual framing, 

camera angles, and captions. This study argues that the conflict between these representations 

is not merely descriptive but deeply ideological, reflecting the struggle for discursive hegemony 

during the Arab Spring, where control over narrative became a key battleground alongside 

military confrontation.

Abstract

The proper management of biological waste in laboratory settings is a critical aspect of biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. Beyond protecting lab workers, biological waste management safeguards public health, protects the environment, and ensures compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. Segregation, decontamination of liquid waste, decontamination of solid waste, and techniques for inactivating toxins are all main aspects of biological waste management that will be outlined, aligned, and summarized with the main institutional biosafety protocols for biological waste management, published by major authorities, including CDC and WHO. This research found that the information from the two institutions complements each other. Therefore, this brief review aimed to compile and unify information from both institutions to construct a single, coherent text that provides a practical summary for medical laboratory professionals seeking to enhance the implementation of international, harmonized protocols that strengthen biosafety, environmental stewardship, and regulatory compliance