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:Abstract

Smoking causes about 6 million deaths annually, increases the risk for many diseases and alters hematological parameters. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the negative impact of cigarette smoking on the hematological parameters of healthy smokers in Libya. A total of 145 smokers and 145 non-smokers, with age range 39-45 years, were recruited. Blood samples were collected from each participant and were analysed for complete blood count. The obtained results were statically analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The mean for all study variables for smokers (except for MCHC) was greater than that for nonsmokers. The coefficient of variation (CV%) showed that the smokers group was more homogeneous for most variables than the non-smokers group, except for BMI and LYMP. The results of ANOVA test showed that only in the case of MCHC the non-smokers had a significantly higher mean (p < 0.05). For other variables, the smokers had significantly higher means (p < 0.05), except for the RBC, where the mean was non-significantly higher compared to the non-smokers. There was no statistically significant effect for the age variable or for the interaction between smoking and age on all variables. In conclusion, the study revealed that cigarette smoking has a significant impact on most haematological parameters; confirming that smoking has severe adverse effects on most haematological parameters

A business plan which is a formal writing and statement that describing new or existing business goals always helps organizations or investor to set the task that need to be performed in order to invest properly by potential investors to the entrepreneurs. It helps businesses who are seeking investment and convey their business visions to potential investors and customers. Further, it can be also used to attract employees and supplier in order to simply understand how the company in future can be managed efficiently. Simply a business plan covers all important set goals, mission, vision, and all the strategies that a company will use to meet them and if potential problem that may confront the business and the ways to handle them. The purpose of this research is to provide enough resources for business plan to develop a web store using e-commerce technology by using SellerDeck software solution and making a competing company where customer can easily purchase their favourite brand of mobile phones, tablet computers and its accessories. At the end of this research the results is that the ecommerce technology will increase all over the world because of making it easier for the enterprise business and customers for shopping information and view the contents of web store products and payment system.

Solar energy, known for its abundance and sustainability, stands out as a preferred renewable energy source. Net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) technology for an elementary school in Dayton, Ohio, was implemented using the f-chart, phi method, photovoltaic system, and the CombiSystem TRNSYS executable. The solar fraction achieved for the system was 56% utilizing the f-chart and phi method. The project required 181 collectors for heating and cooling loads and 578 photovoltaic collectors for electricity generation. Using the f-chart and phi method, the simple payback period was calculated to be 5 years. The optimal storage tank design was determined to be a 120-60 gallon configuration, achieving a solar fraction of 62.45%. The photovoltaic system generated energy valued at $191,135 annually, meeting the requirements for a net-zero energy building. This design provides clean energy without environmental pollution or CO₂ emissions. The total project cost amounted to $275,393.99, making it the most cost-effective design compared to alternative designs incorporating photovoltaic systems for cooling loads.