Melanoma is one of the fatal forms of skin cancer, and has become more common, especially among white-skinned people exposed to the sun. Early detection of melanoma is essential to increase survival rates, since its detection in an early stage can be helpful and curable. Working out the dermoscopic clinical features of melanoma is an important step for dermatologists, who need an accurate way of reaching the correct clinical diagnosis, and to ensure the right area gets the right treatment. In this paper, we present a comprehensive approach including image enhancement, segmentation of lesions and melanoma detection, to allow for early detection of malignant melanoma disease. As an image enhancement, the Gabor filter, image sharpening, Sobel filter and image inpainting methods are integrated to delete unwanted objects (noise). The lesion border segmentation is performed by combining the Particle Swarm Optimization and the Markov Random Field approaches. To be able to determine the lesions types, the K-means is applied on the segmented lesion, to separate it into homogeneous clusters, where important features are extracted, then an Artificial Neural Network is trained by representative features to classify the given lesion as melanoma or not. The whole experimental results obtained on a public database PH2 and compared with existing methods in the literature have shown that our proposed approach is accurate, robust, and efficient in the segmentation of the lesion boundary, as well as its classification.

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This research was conducted to investigate the difficulties that faced teachers and EFL learners while they are teaching speaching skills. Furthermore, it has been defined the meaning of teaching speaking. In addition, it has been expounded some strategies which help teachers to get better performance during teaching speaking skills. It has been mentioned some effective teaching techniques in which focus on young learners and the importance role of teachers in teaching speacking skills. Also, a number of advices have been mentioned to guarantee efficient learning.

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The research was conducted to investigate the impact of classroom interaction on English language learning different levels of education. Furthermore, the meaning of classroom interaction has been defined. In addition, some factors to create effective and interaction in classroom have mentioned. Also, some effective and remarkable strategies were presented in order to help teachers to get better performance. Moreover, some teaching methods were suggested to develop the classroom interaction skills of students. 

This study attempts to identify the use of metadiscourse (MD) in the Libyan science lectures and investigate the lecturers’ perceptions towards the use of MD. Six audio-recorded lectures from the fields of chemistry, physics, and botany were selected in this study. To analyze this collected spoken data, Hyland’s (2005) analytical framework of metadiscourse has been used. The findings showed that interactive metadiscourse was used more than interactional metadiscourse. Among all the subcategories, transitions, engagements and code glosses were the most common markers. The absence and lack of some categories were remarkable as self-mention and evidentials. The results of this study may suggest that when teaching or learning a language, metadiscourse should be given special consideration by both language instructors and students.

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Abstract: Earth velocity changes under many reasons. They cause variations in the length of daytime. These reasons are; interior changes, which usually occur during events that tend to speed up Earth’s rotation slightly but noticeably, and Outward changes, where material that was typically at one point at a higher elevation on Earth surface falls down to be at a lower point. The first reason may show in several figures like earthquake and condensing core of earth. On the other hand, tide, melting glacier poles, and changing weather they cause the other reason. The amount of time that increasing or decreasing in a day until now do not exceed few seconds, but on the massive scale of time as the age of earth it becomes important value. 

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 In recent years, there has been much emphasis and motivation for teaching at schools of different levels to move from the traditional way of teaching “chalk and talk‟ to a more creative and innovative teaching methodology. In this paper, it has been defined the creative thinking and its hidden meaning, also it has explained the creativity as a process which has included four kinds (fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration). Likewise, it has been mention some barriers that prevent the students of the creative thinking that has divided into three kinds of blocks (perceptual blocks, emotional blocks and cultural blocks). Furthermore, some stimulated strategies and techniques have been explainedd in order to enhance and support using creative thinking of young students. In addition , distinct types of media which have been involved in modern teaching techniques in order to create more creative thoughts which may be helpful in improving the creative thinking of young students. Moreover, some facts about how to prepare for the age of modern teaching technology have offered. Some remarkable examples: encourage students to use different computer programs, electronic mail, databases in their research or ask and answer of their varied questions. The importance of this paper has been embodied in the following: It gives opportunity to influence the personality of teachers to improve their traditional methods of teaching and it is an attempt to change the ministry of education’s policies relating to the current curriculum , in order to move forward more understanding and creative thinking of the information more than memorization.

Thyroid function is impaired by diabetes, resulting into thyroid disorders, accompanied by the alteration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation on TSH and total T4 levels in serum of Libyan patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with thyroid disorders. A total of 180 subjects were recruited and distributed into two groups: 80 participants in control group (43 females and 37 males), with an age range of 26-72 years, and 100 participants in T2DM patient group (54 females and 46 males), with an age range of 26-63 years. Each T2DM patient received a monthly intramuscular injection of 200000 ng/ml vitamin D for three months. Glucose, vitamin D, total T4 and TSH levels were determined in serum samples of healthy subjects and of T2DM patients (pre- and post-administration of vitamin D). After the T2DM group received vitamin D supplementation, the mean of vitamin D level increased in the T2DM, while the mean of glucose level decreased. Most importantly, the mean of total T4 level for patients increased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) from 1.34 to 8.23 g/dL, both of which were lower than the control group mean 10.99 g/dL. In contrast, the mean of TSH level for patients decreased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) from 11.77 to 2.71 mU/L, and both values were greater than the control group mean 2.01 mU/L. ANOVA results showed that age, gender, and body mass index had no significant individual interactions (p > 0.05) with vitamin D supplementation on total T4 and TSH levels. Vitamin D supplementation had a beneficial role on total T4 and TSH levels in serum of Libyan T2DM patients with thyroid disorders.