Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of TNF-α in serum and gingival crevicular fluid, in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), before and after phase I therapy with subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic acid (Gengigel Gel). A total of thirty subjects were included in this study; 20 CP patients as a study group (group I) and 10 systemically healthy subjects with clinically healthy gingiva as a control group (group II). The nonsurgical periodontal therapy (SRP) + HA gel were done in group I. Periodontal parameters, including PI, GI, BOP, PD and the CAL, were recorded. GCF and serum were collected from all individuals included in the study; the first sample was collected from all groups (study and control) before treatment. The second sample was collected 4 weeks after subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic acid & phase I therapy from group I. Levels of TNF-α in GCF and serum were quantified using ELISA. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in total levels of TNF-α in serum and TNF-α in GCF in study group after application of Hyaluronic acid with phase I therapy. Results also showed all clinical parameters were significantly improved after application of Hyaluronic acid with phase I therapy in groups I (p<0.001). Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the mainstay of treatment of periodontal diseases, furthermore subgingival application of Hyaluronic acid gel with SRP were effective in improving clinical parameters in CP patients. TNF-α level in serum and GCF are reduced after phase I therapy with application of Hyaluronic acid.

Vortex airflow-assisted melt differential electrospinning for preparing superfine fiber yarns was proposed. This method with solvent-free exhibits a higher yield of 20 ± 5.17 m/min compared to the range of 0–5 m/min achieved by solution electrospinning with organic solvents. Simulation and high-speed photography show that the fibers are aggregated by suction airflow and twisted into yarns by vortex airflow. Polylactic acid (PLA) superfine fiber yarns exhibit fine fiber diameters ranging from 0.96 to 5.57 μm, a yarn diameter of 211.7 ± 40.8 μm, and a high tensile strength of 39.4 ± 3.12 MPa. Furthermore, these PLA melt electrospun yarns can be woven into fabric with a water contact angle of 120.1° and triboelectric voltage of 7.41 V, demonstrating their potential in self-cleaning textiles and flexible smart textiles. Moreover, this method is generally applicable to thermoplastic polymers including polyethylene …

Abstract

This research explores Libyan university students' perceptions of the use of podcasts and audio books as tools for learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Employing a quantitative research method, data were collected online through questionnaires distributed to third-year students of English in three Libyan Universities. The study involved a sample of 76 students and aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, flexibility, and motivational factors associated with these audio tools.

The results indicated that podcasts and audiobooks significantly enhance EFL learners' speaking skills, familiarize them with the cultural and social contexts of the English language, and encourage continuous learning outside the classroom. A substantial majority of participants found these tools easy to navigate and valued their free accessibility. Additionally, the flexibility of being able to listen at their convenience was highly appreciated, supporting learner autonomy and engagement.

The study's findings underscore the potential of integrating podcasts and audiobooks into the EFL curriculum, highlighting their role in fostering independent learning and improving overall language proficiency. The research offers valuable insights for EFL instructors and curriculum developers, recommending the inclusion of these tools as part of the formal education syllabus to enhance the language learning experience.

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A new record for Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf. is reported for the first time in the flora of Libya. This species was collected from Ariggiba region (110 km southwest Sabha city). A full description and habitat information on the plant are provided. A brief discussion about the most important traits of this species is presented.