This study aims to examine the difficulties that encounter undergraduate students of

fourth year at English Department of Alassaba College, in writing proposals and

research projects in the early stages. The target group for this study consisted of finalyear

undergraduates at the College of Alassaba English Department, The study

involved approximately 60 participants from the Department of English, who were

conducting their research projects in English as a Second Language (ESL). The

Research tools of the study include questionnaire with students of the target groups.

The study will explore various and common challenges/difficulties during writing the

research proposals and projects such as: difficulty in deciding the topic for research,

lack of good knowledge of the methodology, inability of finding modern, specialized

and related references, lack of interest in research, lack of understanding of the

subject matter, lack of time, and research guiding. The study also attempts to give

some suggestions/recommendations for developing the process of writing research

proposals and research projects.

Solar energy, known for its abundance and sustainability, stands out as a preferred renewable energy source. Net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) technology for an elementary school in Dayton, Ohio, was implemented using the f-chart, phi method, photovoltaic system, and the CombiSystem TRNSYS executable. The solar fraction achieved for the system was 56% utilizing the f-chart and phi method. The project required 181 collectors for heating and cooling loads and 578 photovoltaic collectors for electricity generation. Using the f-chart and phi method, the simple payback period was calculated to be 5 years. The optimal storage tank design was determined to be a 120-60 gallon configuration, achieving a solar fraction of 62.45%. The photovoltaic system generated energy valued at $191,135 annually, meeting the requirements for a net-zero energy building. This design provides clean energy without environmental pollution or CO₂ emissions. The total project cost amounted to $275,393.99, making it the most cost-effective design compared to alternative designs incorporating photovoltaic systems for cooling loads. 

Today’s organisations are under pressure to cut the ICT infrastructure energy costs and also use of ICT infrastructure resources in efficient manners. On other hand organisations ICT infrastructures are expanding rapidly and demands agility in ICT infrastructure solutions, business requirements and in technology change. Virtualization is the most effective way to reduce the energy cost while enhancing efficient utilization of resources and agility. To fulfill these demands organisations are migrating from physical infrastructures to the virtual infrastructures. Where organisations are migrating to virtual infrastructures to deliver the services to business there is also need to consider the right virtual infrastructure fundamentals for efficient service delivery. If the virtual infrastructure is unreliable or experience poor performance such issues are not only causing the problems for virtual infrastructure but also can damage the organisation reputation. This research is based upon Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), to find the key goals of capacity management and align the capacity management within virtual infrastructure to ensure virtual infrastructure is utilize in the most efficient, predictable and cost effective manner. This research will also investigate the how to apply capacity management best practices to improve performance, reduce operating cost, analyse current capacity, predict future capacity and make sure service level agreements are met

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