The Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) has been described as a technology for the rapid and reproducible assay of biofilm susceptibilities to antibiotics. In this study a simple and inexpensive alternative to the CBD was developed from polypropylene (PP) microcentrifuge tubes and pipette tip boxes. The utility of the device was demonstrated using Candida glabrata, a yeast that can develop antimicrobial-resistant biofilm communities. Biofilms of C. glabrata were formed on the outside surface of microcentrifuge tubes and examined by quantitative analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Growth of three C. glabrata strains, including a clinical isolate, demonstrated that biofilms could be formed on the microcentrifuge tubes. After 24 h incubation the three C. glabrata strains produced biofilms that were recovered into cell suspension and quantified. The method was found to produce uniform and reproducible results with no significant differences between biofilms formed on PP tubes incubated in various compartments of the device. In addition, the difference between maximum and minimum counts for each strain was comparable to those which have been reported for the CBD device.

This paper demonstrates a new approach in solving problems with capacity issues within a cement factory in Libya using the Witness simulation package that enables the development of discrete and continuous simulation model to simulate these processes. The model aims to support the implementation of management systems in Supply Chain Management and the introduction of Just-In-Time systems. In order to carry out the above, research has been carried out into processes of SCM and J.I.T. The developed Simulation model is based on Libyan Cement industry, exploring supply chain management (SCM) and Just IN Time (JIT) system from start to end of the processes. Therefore, the aim and objective of investigating supply chain management and applying JIT to the cement factory using simulation at the very stage has been successful and has exercised with the simulation scenarios 1,2 and 3. This was achievable simply based on many assumptions as addressed above and with the help of the witness software that executes duties with the aid of input and output rules that need to be applied accordingly.

This paper presents a designed algorithm involves improvement of transferring data over Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). The aim of this work is to establish whether using SOAP in  exchanging XML messages has any added advantages or not. The results showed that XML messages without SOAP take longer time and consume more memory, especially with binary data