Abstract: The igneous rock unit of Al-Haruj Al-Aswad were interpreted using satellite image. The satellite image of Land sat bands from one tosevenhas captured by the Thematic Mapper (TM7) scanner. These imageswere processed and interpreted with following standard technique. Karhunen– Loèvetransform were employed to produce principalcomponent images. Then, they were paintedby using RGB color system to produce false color images from principal component images and ratio images. The resulted images were interpreted in the matter of geology of the area.Theprincipalcomponent transformation is helpful in mapping different lava flow phases in the area. This transform have used the correlation between the corresponding pixels in images of different bands. Six lava flow phases was interpreted depends on their color and shade in the processed satellite images. 

Since the last century, universities in developed countries have begun to work on technology transfer. Thus, the process of marketing the technologies discovered by those universities became an engine of economic growth, as these universities played a significant role in bringing innovative ideas to the market. Since then, technology transfer activities that were previously practiced by elite universities have received attention due to increasing university revenues, creating research links between academia and industry.

In this paper, we review the aspects related to the process of technology transfer in terms of its importance, and its model of work in universities, starting with the phase of discovering and evaluating the invention, the phase of patenting, and ending with the phase of marketing. The working mechanism of Technology Transfer Office (TTO) and the infrastructure necessary to establish these offices and the role of entrepreneurship and innovation centers in universities to perform their role effectively is also highlighted. The research aims to design an optimal dynamic and flexible model of the TTO at the University of Gharyan rearranging some traditional components and establish additional innovation pathways and make it more effective.

Keywords:Technology Transfer Office (TTO); Technological Transfer models; economic development.

Abstract

The rock units of Wadi El-shati were classified to group of clusters to explain the concentration of iron ore by using enhanced satellite image. The several images of single band of Thematic Mapper (TM7) of Landsat were combined to produce multispectral image bands. It was processed by group of filters after the false color image has been made. The filtered image was classified with unsupervised classification after the image ratio has been done by dividing band 3 on band1. Finally, we reached the classified image has concentration of iron tone.

• Experimental and theoretical comparisons have been performed for natural convection heat transfer over rectangular fins array at different fin parameters. This investigation includes the effect of fin length, fin spacing, fin height, orientation angle, and temperature difference between the heat sink and the surrounding environment. To understand the general flow patterns dominating flows from the heat sink, the three dimensionless elliptic governing equations were solved using finite volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, and the experimental work was carried for the system at different orientations. A new empirical correlation (modified of McAdam's correlation) was derived to correlate the mean Nusselt number as a function of the Rayleigh number. The average heat transfer coefficient has a maximum value at an orientation angle equal to zero degrees, and it decreases with an increasing orientation angle. The heat transfer rate per unit base area increases as fin spacing increase until it reaches a maximum value (6.5 mm), then it decreases with a further increase of fin spacing. The results of these investigations between the experimental and theoretical study were showing good agreements with similar international works.

Andrographolide (AG) has been shown to have several medicinal and pharmaceutical effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-malarial activities. Moreover, studies to assess the pharmacological effect of AG on the metabolic changes of uninfected red blood cells (uRBCs) have not yet been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacological effects of AG compared to chloroquine (CQ) on the metabolic variations of uRBCs in vitro using a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). Forty-one metabolites were successfully identified by 1H-NMR. The results of the unsupervised data analysis principal component analysis (PCA) showed ideal differentiation between AG and CQ. PC1 and PC2 accounted for 71.4% and 17.7% of the explained variation, respectively, with a total variance of 89.10%. Based on S-plot and VIP values, a total of 28 and 32 metabolites were identified as biomarkers in uRBCs-AG and uRBCs-CQ, respectively. In uRBCs treated with AG, ten metabolic pathways were determined to be disturbed, including riboflavin metabolism, d-glutamate and d-glutamine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, proline and arginine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. In contrast, in CQ-treated uRBCs, nine affected metabolic pathways were determined, which involved the same metabolic pathways for uRBCs-AG, except for glutathione metabolism. These findings suggest an evident relationship between AG and CQ associated with metabolic changes in intact RBCs after being exposed to the treatment. The metabolomics results could allow useful comprehensive insights into the underlying mechanism of the action of AG and CQ on red blood cells. Consequently, the 1H-NMR-based metabolomics approach was successfully utilized to identify the pharmacological effects of AG and CQ on the metabolic variations of uRBCs.

This paper presents a new high-capacity algorithm for audio watermarking for the purpose of embedding a watermark audio signal into an original audio signal. This algorithm uses DCT (discrete cosine transform) in combination with SVD (singular value decomposition), DWT (discrete wavelet transform), and CZT (chirp ztransform). For the purpose of ensuring high levels of imperceptibility and robustness, a low-frequency sub band of 1-level DWT is selected to embed the watermark, followed by DCT, CZT, and SVD. As a result, the proposed algorithm achieves a high capacity of 352800 bits per second while a good quality audio signal is maintained (having an objective difference grade of more than-0.04). It also provides high imperceptibility (a signal to noise ratio of more than 58 dB) and it is extremely resistant to common audio attacks, including requantizing, resampling, additive white Gaussian noise or AWGN, MP3 compression, and low-pass filtering. The proposed algorithm presents much better compared to the audio watermarking algorithms already existent.

Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J. F. Macbr. has been reported for the first time from Libya. This species is native in Asia. Flowering specimens of Prosopis farcta collected from Sokna Region about 650 Km south-east Tripoli. It is presented with updated nomenclature, taxonomic description, geographical distribution, place of occurrence in Libya, and field colored photographs are also provided. The voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Botany Department (ULT), University of , Tripoli, Libya.