.

Abstract

Background: Warts are a common skin condition that affects people all over the world. This ailment affects 2–20% of students in primary school. A well-known keratolytic agent, potassium hydroxide (KOH), has many dermatological uses. Vitamin D is important in the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.

Objective: The aim of the current work was to compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional vitamin D3 injections and 5% KOH cream separately and in combination with each other in the treatment of warts.

Patients and Methods: This study was carried out at the private outpatient Al- Ahlam Center of Dermatology and Cosmetology in Gharyan, Libya from 1^st of Sep to last of Dec 2021. 45 patients with warts were included in the study. They were classified into 3 groups according to method of treatment into Vitamin D3 group, 5% KOH cream group, and combination group.

Results: The mean age of patients was 27.04 ± 11.7 years. 31 patients completed the study. Complete response was seen in 12 patients with vitamin D injection after period of 4 months, 9 patients with 5% KOH cream after period 2-3 months, and 10 patients with combination both treatment after a period of 1 month.

Conclusions: It could be concluded that intralesional vitamin D with 5% KOH cream is safe, effective, and inexpensive treatment option for recalcitrant palmoplantar and periungual warts.

 KeywordsVitamin D3; Palmoplanter; Periungual; KOH; Warts

Abstract

The present work was carried out in order to investigate the physical and chemical quality of the Libyan Asbi'ah groundwater and the degree of its contamination. The achieved results were compared with international quality standards for drinking water. The sampleswere collected from five water wells of the Asbi'ah region. Several parameters were examined including Colour, Taste, smell, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Calcium and Magnesium Hardness, Total Hardness, Iron, Fluoride, Ammonia, Phosphate and Chloride. The results showed that the groundwater of Asbi'ah area were within the limitations of WHO Standards. For instance, the maximum values of Fe, PO4, F, NH3 and Cl were (0.92, 0.16, 1.2, 0.05)mg/L respectively. However, some samples had a bit high of concentrations for TDS (590mg/L) and Total Hardness (702mg/L). The most of the water wells shared the high concentration of Total Hardness which might be due to the earth geology of the studied area. This makes the water taste unacceptable and therefore, the water might not be used as drinking water.

Keywords: Natural Groundwater, Chemical & Physical Properties, Contamination, Asbi'ah -Libya.

م إجراء هذه الدراسة للتحقق من الجودة الفيزيائية والكيميائية للمياه الجوفية ودرجة تلوثها في منطقة الأصابعة الليبية.

تمت مقارنة النتائج المتحصل عليها مع معايير الجودة العالمية لمياه الشرب.

جمعت العينات من خمسة آبار مياه جوفية بمنطقة الأصابعة.

تم فحص العديد من المعايير بما في ذلك اللون، الطعم، الرائحة، الأس الهيدروجيني، المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية (TDS)، صلابة الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم، الصلابة الكلية، الحديد، الفلورايد، الأمونيا، الفوسفات والكلوريد.

أظهرت النتائج أن المياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة كانت ضمن الحدود المسموح بها من منظمة الصحة العالمية.

على سبيل المثال، كانت القيم القصوى ل Fe، PO4، F، NH3، Cl هي (0.92، 0.16، 1.2، 0.05) مجم / لتر على التوالي.

من جهة أخرى، كان لبعض العينات تركيزات عالية قليلا بالنسبة TDS (590 ملجم / لتر (والعسر الكلي (702 ملجم/لتر).

تشترك معظم آبار المياه في التركيز العالي للعسر الكلي والذي قد يكون بسبب التكوينات الجيولوجية للأرض في منطقة الدراسة.

هذه التراكيز العالية تجعل طعم الماء غير مقبول وغير مستساغ وبالتالي قد لا يمكن استخدام هذه المياه كمياه للشرب.

In this paper, a novel robust blind grayscale image digital watermarking scheme is introduced based on lifting wavelet transform (LWT) in combination with discrete cosine transform (DCT), Hessenberg decomposition, and entropy analysis for copyright protection of multimedia information. At first, the two levels of LWT are applied to the host grayscale image to improve the imperceptibility of the watermarking scheme and then the high-frequency sub-band of the 2-level of LWT is decomposed by DCT. Next, the DCT coefficients are divided into 4× 4 non-overlapping blocks. After that, Hessenberg decomposition performs on each selected block, whereas the first row, first column element of the upper Hessenberg matrix is utilized to hide the watermark. To evaluate the imperceptibility and robustness of the proposed digital watermarking scheme, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and normalized cross-correlation (NC) are utilized to measure the quality and the ability of the proposed watermarking scheme to robust against signal processing operations and geometric attacks. Experimental and analysis results have demonstrated that the proposed scheme is achieved a very good tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness. The comparison with other scheme have shown that the proposed digital watermarking schemes have a superior performance in terms of imperceptibility and robustness than other

ABSTRACT:

Words in English are not always spelled as they are pronounced. English spelling follows some basic rules, but there are always acceptations to these rules. Students need to learn spelling rules and their exceptions as well. However, English Students face difficulties with spelling especially those whose first language is not English. Libyan undergraduates of Mizdah Arts and Science College commit spelling errors when they write English words. The main reason behind conducting this research is to identify the types and reasons behind making spelling errors by second year students of Mizdah Arts and Science College at Gharian University. In all, 20 students made up of females and males were used for the study. The data for the study was obtained by using a test and a questionnaire were administered to twenty undergraduates. There are six error categories used in the spelling test; homonyms, substitution, omission, spelling rules, transposition, and phoneme-grapheme irregularity. Spelling errors of various categories were identified, computed, and grouped. The study revealed that the highest percentage of errors was committed on substitution category (69.2%). The study indicates that the main cause of spelling errors is the first language interference, the linguistic difference between Arabic and English languages, in addition to the lack of the students’ awareness of the English spelling errors. The findings suggest that teachers are required to pay more attention to the major types of spelling errors and should encourage students to practice English more often until they master the rules of spelling.

Keywords: Students spelling errors, teaching method, ESL writing, academic writing

• Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate some punctuation errors made by English majors at Faculty of Arts, Assab'ah, University of Gheryan. To reach to this goal, the researchers administered a test to a group of 12 students, 2 males and 10 females. The results revealed that the most common errors committed by the participants were: wrong capitalization, misuse of the comma, the inappropriate use of full stop, dropping question marks, and some problems in using hyphen and quotation marks. In the light of the study findings, the researchers suggests that teachers should emphasize the importance of all the punctuation marks in writing. Key words: punctuation, committed, Majors, errors.