نظام إشارات المرور هو أداة تنظم المركبات ذات العجلات من أجل العمل بانتظام. نظام إشارات المرور العادية الحالي ليس كافيًا للتحكم في الازدحام المروري بسبب أنه يعمل وفقًا لخطة زمنية محددة الوقت. ومع ذلك، فقد أصبح الازدحام المروري يمثل مشكلة كبيرة لمعظم البشر نظرًا لأنه يزيد من الضوضاء وتلوث الهواء وضياع الوقت .ومن ثم، فإن نظام إشارات المرور العادية لم يعد لديه القدرة على التعامل مع الازدحام الهائل، ويجب إيجاد حلول حول كيفية تنظيم المسار الذي يجب أن يسير أو يتوقف من أجل القضاء على ازدحام التقاطع بين المركبات.لذلك، تم تصميم نظام إشارات المرور الذكي المعتمد على تقنيات التعلم الآلي واكتشاف عدد المركبات تلقائيًا في كل حارة وضبط وقت الإشارة الخضراء على النحو الأمثل لتجنب وقت الانتظار الهائل والازدحام الواضح أيضًا بمعدل أسرع.أخيرًا، تم استخدام فيجول استديو و البايثون للمحاكاة, و خوارزمية (Branch and Bound) لتحديد أي منها يجب تشغيل الإشارة أو إيقاف تشغيلها، لأنه يتميز بخاصية إيجاد حل بين مجموعة من الحلول، ويتم تطبيق خوارزمية (greedy) لتحديد وقت الانتظار لكل مسار.

This study reports a rapid and eco-friendly green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution using winter jasmine leaves extract as a reducing agent of Ag+ to Ag0. A visible Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to monitor the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 420 nm which reflects the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs. In addition to that, the synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by the color change of the solution. By studying the most important factors affecting the formation of AgNPs, it was noted that the productivity of AgNPs in the solution increased by increasing the pH of the solution, and the basic medium was the appropriate medium for the synthesis process. Also, the amount of produced AgNPs increased with the increase in temperature, volume of extract, reaction time, the extract volume ratio of the winter jasmine leaves, and silver nitrate concentration. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of winter jasmine leaves represents a suitable material for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, and large amounts of AgNPs with appropriate sizes may be obtained by controlling the parameters that affect the synthesis process.

ABSTRACT Background. This case report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment for intramedullary spinal cord hemangioma, which is a rare condition that can present with common symptoms of various spinal cord pathologies. The report recommends decompression laminectomy as the appropriate intervention for this condition. This report adds to the existing clinical literature on intramedullary spinal cord hemangioma and can assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases. Case report. The patient is a 30-year-old female who complained of left leg heaviness, cramps, numbness, and urinary incontinence. MRI revealed a suspected intradural intramedullary lesion, as high as VTh5, suspected to be ependymoma or astrocytoma. The patient underwent decompressive laminectomy on thoracalis vertebra 5-7 and spinal cord mass with hemorrhage and calcification components was observed on post-operative Spinal CT Angiography. The mass was found to have a feeder artery from spinal branches of the left right a. intercostalis at T5 level and spinal branches of the left a. intercostalis at T6 level. Thoracolumbar spondylosis was also observed. Conclusion. The clinical impact of vertebral hemangioma lies in its potential to cause neurological deficits due to spinal cord or nerve root compression. Early diagnosis and treatment through imaging modalities such as MRI and surgical intervention, such as laminectomy, can alleviate symptoms and prevent disability or mortality. However, careful consideration of the patient’s clinical history, imaging findings, and neurological status is necessary for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Keywords: hemangioma, spinal cord capillary, intramedullary, laminectomy decompression, case reportcognitive deficits

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